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OUTLINES FOR CONCEPTUAL UNITS

If you would like to recommend additional titles for this list, please send the title, author, and appropriate unit to smago@uga.edu. If you have a whole outline (texts and key concepts and problems) for a unit not listed here, please send it along as well, and I'll be happy to credit you. And if you have any Handy Links that I've overlooked, I'd be grateful if you'd share them with me. Thanks!

Also: Please keep in mind that this project is a work in progress. Some of the units--or perhaps all of them--are still under construction. I always appreciate your comments and suggestions on how to improve and expand them.

This page provides outlines for conceptual units of instruction of the sort found in the Virtual Library of Conceptual Units. For each unit I provide a set of possible texts and a possible conceptual focus. Keep in mind that my intention here is to suggest possibilities rather than to prescribe a curriculum; there are many other units that you could develop, and different texts and focuses for each of the units that I outline. The lists of texts are intended to be responsive to a range of readers in terms of age, reading ability, interests, and so on, so that the unit themes could be adapted to readers of different grade levels, communities, etc. The lists include both canonical works and less familiar texts, including literature, film, and popular music. There are far more texts listed than you would ever teach in any single unit; rather, the idea is to provide an idea of what is possible for teaching a particular theme. I would always hope that any teacher using these lists would use her own knowledge and imagination to make the instruction work for her own students and circumstances.

I've also tried to make this site as versatile as possible. In addition to the links to websites related to the various themes, I've linked (when possible) each text to an online version so that you can preview the literature when considering possibilities. I've further provided links to images and news stories that fit with each unit focus. And wherever possible, I link themes to teen writing available on the web.

Online Instructor's Guide for Smagorinsky, P. (2008). Teaching English by design: How to create and carry out instructional units. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.

RESOURCES FOR DESIGNING UNITS

ACTIVITIES THAT PROMOTE DISCUSSION

DIRECTORY OF CONCEPTUAL UNIT OUTLINES

THEMES
Adolescent Relationships
The American Dream
The Banality of Evil
Censorship
Changing Times
Coming of Age
Conflict with Authority
Coping with Loss
Courageous Action
Cultural Conflict
Discrimination
The Family
Friends and Enemies
Gangs, Cliques, and Peer Pressure
Gender Roles
Generations
Immigration
Influences on Personality
Justice
The Leader
Loss of Innocence
Love
Loyalty
Mental Health and Mental Illness
New Kid on the Block
Optimism and Pessimism
The Outcast
Progress
The Psychology of British Literary Characters: From Chaucer to the Moderns
The Puritan Ethic
The Quest for Power
Responsibility
Rites of Passage
Self Reliance
Social Responsibility
Success
Taking Perspective
Technology, Nature, and Society
Terrorist or Freedom Fighter?
Utopias and Dystopias
Values under Stress
War and Peace

GENRES & ARCHETYPES
Allegory
Comedy
The Detective
The Epic Hero
The Folk Hero
Frontier Literature
Gothic Literature
Hard-Boiled
The Journey
Metafiction
Mystery
The Mythic Hero
Mythology
New Perspectives on Old Stories
Parody
The Picaresque Hero
Pinkbooks
Protest Literature
Pulp Fiction
Romance
Satire
Science Fiction
Street Fiction
Time Travelers
The Tragic Hero
Travel Writing
The Trickster
The Western
Wilderness Adventures

STRATEGIES
Animals as Symbols
Character as Symbol
Characterizing an Author's Style
Connotation and Imagery
Irony
Persuasion
Point of View
Prediction
Propaganda
Reading Media

LITERARY PERIODS
British Aestheticism and Decadence
British Age of Sensibility (or Age of [Samuel] Johnson)
British Augustan Age (or Age of [Alexander] Pope)
British Caroline Age
British Commonwealth Period (or Puritan Interregnum)
British Edwardian Period
British Elizabethan Age
British Middle English Period
British Modern Period
British Neoclassical Period
British Old English (or Anglo-Saxon) Period
British Renaissance
British Restoration
British Romantic Period
British Victorian Period
Classic Greek Period (800-200 BCE)
Classic Homeric or Heroid Period (1200-800 BCE)
Classic Patristic Period (c. 70 CE-455 CE)
Classic Roman Period (200 BCE-455 CE)
U.S. Beat Generation
U.S. Colonial Period
U.S. Contemporary Period
U.S. Counterculture
U.S. Early National Period
U.S. Harlem Renaissance
U.S. Jazz Age
U.S. Lost Generation
U.S. Modernist Period
U.S. Revolutionary Age

MOVEMENTS
Amatory fiction
The Augustans
Black Arts Movement
Black Mountain Poets
Bloomsbury Group
Cavalier Poets
Chicago Renaissance
Confessional poetry
Dada
Dark Romanticism
The Enlightenment
Existentialism
Imagism
The Lost Generation
Magical Realism
Metaphysical Poets
Minimalism
Modernism
Naturalism
New York School
Nihilism
Oulipo
Postcolonialism
Postmodernism
Pre-Raphaelitism
Realism
Romanticism
Southern Agrarians/New Critics
Stream of Consciousness
Surrealism
Transcendentalism

REGIONS
A Sense of Place
British Lake Poets
Literature, Music, Images, and Tastes of the U.S. States
Southern Fiction

AUTHORS
Author Links
Shakespeare

Back to Top

THEMES

ADOLESCENT RELATIONSHIPS

Handy Links
Adolescent Romantic Relationships by Sarah Sorensen
Affairs of the Heart Matter to Boys, Too, Sociologists Find
Adolescent Romantic Relationships as Precursors of Healthy Adult Marriages

In the Virtual Library, see:
The Spectrum of Relationships (1998) by Dana Miller and Amanda Moneyhan
Relationships (1999) by Charlie Hollingshead and Sandra Wood
The Youth Perspective: A Study of Literature from Young Adults by Young Adults (2000) by Badia Askari
Making Connections (2000) by Jennifer Swann & brian williams
Peeling off our Labels: Changing Minds and Changing Lives (2002) by Melissa Leanne Givens
R-E-S-P-E-C-T: Finding Out What It Means to Me--A six-week unit on respect (2003) by Phaedra Adu, Shenika Glenn, Ruth Johnson, & Emily Moore
Life Paths and Destinations: Toward Meaningful Textual Transactions for a 12th Grade British Literature Class (2005) by Jeremy T Headrick
Negotiating Boundaries: Making it Through Adolescence Alive (2005) by Ronnie Ficco
Recognizing and Resolving Problems: Connecting Students to Their World (2006) by Helene Halstead
Rebirth (2000) by Kasey Barrett, Tara Dean, Amanda Endres, Julie Stinchcomb

Online Lesson Plans
Read-Write-Think: Media Literacy: Examining the World of Lizzie McGuire
Yale-New Haven Teachers Institute: The Search for Self: Voices of Adolescence in Literature
Yale-New Haven Teachers Institute : Discovering the Voice Within: Encouraging Students to See Themselves as Writers
Yale-New Haven Teachers Institute: Uncovering Your Students' Authentic Voice
Yale-New Haven Teachers Institute: Survivor: Not Just a TV Show -- An exploration of the character traits of survivors of the teenage years

Novels
Sapphire: Push

Songs
Shakur, Tupac: Brenda's Gotta Baby
Images of Adolescent Relationships

Key Concepts and Problems: What sorts of relationships do young adults develop? With whom do they develop them? To what is it extent to characterize a relationship as "healthy" or "unhealthy"? What factors contribute to good relationships? What can undermine a relationship? How can young adults consider the quality of their relationships through reading and producing texts?

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THE AMERICAN DREAM

Handy Links
Wikipedia entry on the American Dream
The American Dream and Experience in Literature
American Dream Bibliography
Quest for the American Dream in A Raisin in the Sun

In the Virtual Library, see:
Working Within/Against Our Limitations as Americans (1998) by Tiffany Lee and Kathryn Johnson
The American Social Drama (1999) by Jobie Johnson
Exploring Struggle in American Plays (2000) by Heather V. Rachmuth & William J. Shuler, Jr.
The American Dream: Fact or Fiction? (2001) by Jennifer Howell
The American Dream (2001) by Jay Blanton, Heather Wicker and Brad Williams
Beyond Tacos and Pinatas: A Unit On Hispanic Literature (2001) by Beth Wright, Stephanie Rosenberg, Kelly Hellman, Angie Furney
Passing to the American Dream (2002) by Jennifer Bogdanich and Erin Butler
Ideal Destruction: Constructing Realistic American Dreams (2002) by Rebecca Moon
Bridging the Harlem Renaissance to the Hip Hop Movement (2003) by Kristy Mulkey & Kasha Wharton
The American Dream and The American Reality of the Jazz Age (2004) by Melissa Page
East Asian American Literature: A Unit of Study and Lesson Plan (2004) by Ian Altman & Nick Tang
Outsider American Literature (2005) by Casey Nissenbaum & Annie Tremoulis
Working Against Mainstream Culture: The Voices of Two Female African American Authors from The Harlem Renaissance to the Present (2005) by Sarah Segrest
Contemporary African American Literature (2005) by Kristal Stripling

Online Lesson Plans
Read-Write-Think: Varying Views of America
Yale-New Haven Teachers Institute: American Voices: The Varied Carols We Sing
Yale-New Haven Teachers Institute: Hearing Latino Voices in American Literature as a Way for Students to Understand Their Own Hispanic Identity
Yale-New Haven Teachers Institute: Voces Latinas: Cultural Identity through Poetry and Lyrics
Yale-New Haven Teachers Institute: The Photographed Environment in America
Yale-New Haven Teachers Institute: Latino Cultures and Communities
Yale-New Haven Teachers Institute: Representations of American Culture, 1760-1960: Art and Literature
Yale-New Haven Teachers Institute: Race and Ethnicity in Contemporary Art and Literature
Yale-New Haven Teachers Institute: Other Voices - Latino and Chicano Literature and Identity in America
Yale-New Haven Teachers Institute: Epic, Romance and the American Dream
Learn NC: Martin Luther King, Jr.'s “I Have A Dream” speech
Learn NC: Paving the Road to the Constitution
Learn NC: "We the People"
Learn NC: "The American Dream"
Learn NC: The Declaration of Independence
Learn NC: "I Declare, I believe this document May Flower!"
Learn NC: Hamilton and Burr: Compare and contrast

Writing by Teenagers
Merlyn's Pen search engine for writing by teens about patriotism

Poetry
Hughes, Langston: I, Too, Sing America
Sandburg, Carl: Cool Tombs
Sassoon, Siegfried: The Case for the Miners
Teasdale, Sara: Barter
Whitman, Walt: I Hear America Singing, Song of Myself, Song of the Open Road
Williams, William Carlos: Pastoral

Short Story
Gordon, Roxy: Pilgrims
Owens, Louis: Soul-Catcher
Tallmountain, Mary Randle: Tender Street

Novels
Amis, Martin: Money
Bellow, Saul: The Adventures of Augie March
Burns, Olive Ann: Cold Sassy Tree
Cooper, James Fenimore: The Deerslayer
Dreiser, Theodore: Sister Carrie, An American Tragedy
Ellison, Ralph: Invisible Man, Juneteenth
Erdrich, Louise: The Beet Queen, The Bingo Palace, Love Medicine
Fitzgerald, F. Scott: The Great Gatsby
Kesey, Ken: Sometimes a Great Notion
Lewis, Sinclair: Babbitt
Mailer, Norman: An American Dream
Miller, Sue: Family Pictures
Mitchell, Margaret: Gone with the Wind
Momaday, N. Scott: House Made of Dawn
Morrison, Toni: Beloved
Proulx, E. Annie: The Shipping News
Redding, J. Saunders: Stranger and Alone
Rolvaag, O. E.: Pure Gold
Twain, Mark: The Gilded Age, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
Tyler, Anne: Saint Maybe
Updike, John: Rabbit Run
Wharton, Edith: Ethan Frome
Wright, Richard: Native Son

Nonfiction
American Slave Narratives: An Online Anthology
Bradford, William: The Mayflower Compact
Faulkner, William: Nobel Prize acceptance speech
Hamilton, Alexander, Madison, James, and Jay, John: The Federalist Papers
Jefferson, Thomas: Declaration of Independence
Kennedy, John Fitzgerald: Inaugural address
King, Martin Luther: Christmas sermon on peace
The Lincoln Douglas debates
Malcolm X: Message to the Grass Roots
Moon, William Least Heat: Blue Highways
Obama, Barack: Speech on Race (a.k.a. "A More Perfect Union")
Rawick, George P. (Ed.): The American Slave: A Composite Autobiography
Thoreau, Henry David: Walden
Steinbeck, John: Travels with Charley
Whitman, Walt: Democratic Vistas

Drama
Albee, Edward: The American Dream
Miller, Arthur: The Death of a Salesman
Serling, Rod: Requiem for a Heavyweight

Autobiographies
Brown, Claude: Manchild in the Promised Land
Cofer, Judith Oritz: Silent Dancing
Dillard, Annie: An American Childhood
Franklin, Ben: Autobiography
Hellman, Lillian: An Unfinished Woman
Kingston, Maxine Hong: The Woman Warrior
Powell, Colin: My American Journey: An Autobiography

Graphic Novels/Manga
Kaiji Kawaguchi: Eagle: The Making of an Asian-American President
Grant Morrison, John Dell, Howard Porter: JLA Vol. 2: American Dreams

Films
Citizen Kane
The Godfather Trilogy
It's a Wonderful Life
Meet John Doe
Mr. Deeds Goes to Town
Mr. Smith Goes to Washington

Songs
Trick Daddy: Thug Holiday

Images of the American Dream

Key Concepts and Problems
What is the American Dream? What is American about it? To what extent is it relative to time and place? To what extent is it stable and enduring? How can the dream turn into a nightmare? How can it be an illusion? With what does the American Dream come in conflict?

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THE BANALITY OF EVIL

Handy Links:
Wikipedia entry on the Millgram experiment
The Evil of Banality by Michael Rothbard
Wikipedia entry on the Nuremberg Trials
Wikipedia entry on the My Lai massacre
Wikipedia entry on the Abu Ghraib prison scandal
Wikipedia entry on the Stanford Prison Experiment
Kosovo - The "Banality of Evil" by Gilles d'Aymery
Wikipedia entry on the Panopticon
Wikipedia entry on the Kymer Rouge
Wikipedia entry on Ethnic Cleansing
Wikipedia entry on the Pogroms
Wikipedia entry on the Irish Potato Famine

Online Lesson Plans
Read-Write-Think: Investigating the Holocaust: A Collaborative Inquiry Project

Writing by Teenagers
Merlyn's Pen search engine for writing by teens about the Holocaust

Poetry
Heyen, William: Shoah Train (collection of poems)

Short Stories
Jackson, Shirley: The Lottery

Novels
Bradbury, Ray: Farenheit 451
Clark, Walter Van Tilburg: The Oxbow Incident
Dick, P. K.: Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?
Giordano, Mario: Black Box
Golding, William: Lord of the Flies
Le Guin,Ursula K.: The Dispossessed
Rendell, Ruth: 13 Steps Down
Sleater, William: The House of Stairs
Strasser, Todd: The Wave
Twelve Hawks, John: The Traveler

Drama
Rose, Reginald: 12 Angry Men

Film
American Experience: The Nuremberg Trials
Judgment at Nuremberg
The Oxbow Incident
The Specialist
Das Experiment
Conspiracy
High Noon
Blade Runner

Song
Destroy: Banality of Evil
Genesis: Just a job to do
Pink Floyd: On the Turning Away
Sylvian, David: The Banality of Evil

Graphic Novels/Manga
Spiegelman, Art: Maus: A Survivor's Tale; Maus II: From Mauschwitz to the Catskills
Osamu Tezuka: Adolf

Comics
Doonesbury 8-16-08

Images of the Banality of Evil

News Stories on the Banality of Evil

Key Concepts and Questions: What is the banality of evil? What is the individual's role in relation to authority? What responsibility do individuals have when groups act in ways that can be considered evil? Are individuals evil when they do not contest the behavior of the groups they belong to if they think that behavior is wrong? Is there a clear answer to the degree of responsibility an individual bears for uncontested group behavior?

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CENSORSHIP

Handy Links
Wikipedia entry on Censorship
Censorship, the Internet, Intellectual Freedom, and Youth
American Library Association Intellectual Freedom and Censorship Q & A
Free Speech
The Censorship Pages

In the Virtual Library, see:
Testing the Boundaries: A Unit on Censorship in America (2002) by Valerie Aveni, Erica Barbakow, Meg Ingram, & Bonnie Stewart
Censorship: Breach of Freedom or Exception to the Rule? (2004) by Molly Livingston
Looking at Our Past and Our Present through Our Future: Expanding and Interpreting Text (2007) by Carrie Greynolds

Online Lesson Plans
Read-Write-Think: Censorship in the Classroom: Understanding Controversial Issues
Read-Write-Think: Freedom of Speech and Automatic Language: Examining the Pledge of Allegiance
Learn NC: Defining Risk: A Search for Theme in Fahrenheit 451

Images of Censorship

Key Concepts and Questions: Why are books and other texts banned? What is the difference between censorship and other forms of text banning? What does the banning of a text reveal about the people who want it banned? What does it reveal about the text itself? What can and should people do when censorship takes place? Why should we care whether a text is banned or not?

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CHANGING TIMES

Handy Links:
Tradition vs. Change: The South Valley in the 21st Century

In the Virtual Library, see:
Humanity and Voice in Literature: Building Bridges among the Past, Present, and Future (2003) by Katherine Dodd, Elizabeth Garrard, & Audrey Welshhans

Poetry
Arnold, Matthew: The Buried Life, Dover Beach, Stanzas from the Grand Chartreuse
Coleridge, Samuel Taylor: AEolian Harp, Dejection: An Ode
Hardy, Thomas: The Darkling Thrush
Keats, John: Ode on a Grecian Urn, To Autumn
Masters, Edgar Lee: Spoon River Anthology
Yeats, William Butler: The Second Coming

Short Stories
Faulkner, William: Go Down, Moses
Irving, Washington: Rip Van Winkle
Anderson, Sherwood: Winesburg, Ohio

Novels
Achebe, Chinua: Things Fall Apart
Aluko, T. M.: One Man, One Wife
Faulkner, William: The Hamlet, The Town, The Mansion, The Rievers
Kesey, Ken: Sometimes a Great Notion
Lampedusa, Giuseppe di: The Leopard
Mahfouz, Naguib: Midaq Alley
Marquez, Gabriel Garcia: One Hundred Years of Solitude
Mitchell, Margaret: Gone with the Wind
Paton, Alan: Cry, the Beloved Country
Tarkington, Booth: The Magnificent Ambersons
Wharton, Edith: Age of Innocence
Wolfe, Thomas: You Can't Go Home Again

Autobiographies
Eastman, Charles Alexander: From the Deep Woods to Civilization
Mandela, Nelson: Long Walk to Freedom

Drama
Hellman, Lillian: The Little Foxes
Wilder, Thornton: Our Town
Williams, Tennessee: The Glass Menagerie, A Streetcar Named Desire

Films
The Last Picture Show
Water (Deepa Mehta, Dir.)
The Misfits

Song
Haggard, Merle: Are the Good Times Really Over for Good?
Shakur, Tupac: Changes
Shakur, Tupac: Keep Ya Head Up
Springsteen, Bruce: Glory Days

Images for Changing Times

Key Concepts and Problems
How has society changed over time? What are the old values and conditions? What are the new values and conditions? What has caused these changes? How do the characters adapt to the changes? What is the author saying about human nature through the action in the story?

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COMING OF AGE

Handy Links:
Wikepedia entry on Coming of Age

In the Virtual Library, see:
Coming of Age (1998) by John Melton
Coming of Age (1998) by Scott Porter and Don Horacek

Online Lesson Plans
Read-Write-Think: Gaining Background for the Graphic Novel Persepolis: A WebQuest on Iran
Yale-New Haven Teachers Institute: Coming of Age in Ethnic America

Writing by Teenagers
Merlyn's Pen search engine for writing by teens about coming of age

Poem
Cofer, Judith Ortiz: Crossings

Short Stories
Anderson, Sherwood: I'm a Fool
Chukovski, Nicolai: The Bridge
Hurst, James: The Scarlet Ibis
Lessing, Doris: Through the Tunnel, A Sunrise on the Veld
McCullers, Carson: Like That
Munro, Alice: Red Dress
Updike, John: A & P
Walker, Alice: Everyday Use
Wright, Richard: The Man Who Was Almost a Man

Novels
Alcott, Louisa May: Little Women
Arguedas, Jose Maria: Deep Rivers
Baldwin, James: Go Tell It on the Mountain
Bennett, Kay: Kaibah
Conway, Jill Ker: Road from Coorain
Courteney, Bryce: The Power of One
Dorris, Michael: Guests
Grass, Gunter: The Tin Drum
Guest, Judith: Ordinary People
J-Love: That White Girl
Kincaid, Jamaica: At the Bottom of the River
Kingsolver, Barbara: Bean Trees
Knowles, John: A Separate Peace
Laye, Camara: The Dark Child
Le Guin, Ursula: Very Far Away from Anywhere Else
McCullers, Carson: The Heart is a Lonely Hunter
Milosz, Czeslaw: The Issa Valley
Parks, Gordon: The Learning Tree
Paterson, Katherine: Jacob Have I Loved
Rolvaag, O. E.: The Third Life of Per Smevik
Sister Soulja: Coldest Winter Ever
Twain, Mark: Tom Sawyer

Autobiographies
Beauvoir, Simone de: Memoirs of a Dutiful Daughter
Dillard, Annie: An American Childhood
Mitchell, Emerson Blackhorse: Miracle Hill: The Story of a Navajo Boy
Singer, Isaac Bashevis: A Day of Pleasure: Stories of a Boy Growing Up in Warsaw

Films
Wikipedia Coming of Age Film list

Graphic Novels/Manga
Satrapi, Marjane: Persepolis

Webcomics
Wikipedia Webcomics links

Images of Coming of Age

Key Concepts and Problems
What is the definition of maturity? What examples of immature behavior do the protagonists exhibit before their coming of age experiences? What examples of mature behavior do they exhibit after their coming of age experiences? What is the key incident that causes the protagonist to change? What particular characteristics does this incident have that affect the protagonist so profoundly? What are the similarities among the experiences of the characters in the various stories? How truly do these experiences reflect those of real people? In what ways does the reader have empathy for the protagonist? How does this empathy affect the reader's comprehension?

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CONFLICT WITH AUTHORITY

Handy Links:
Rage Against the Machine: Media and Youth,Cultures of Violence

Writing by Teenagers
Merlyn's Pen search engine for writing by teens about conflict

The Bible
The Golden Calf (Exodus 32, 33:1 6)

Poetry
Alexie, Sherman: The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven

Short Stories
Baldwin, James: The Man Child
Cather, Willa: The Sentimentality of William Tavener
Deal, Bordon: Antaeus
du Maurier, Daphne: The Old Man
Lavin, Mary: The Story of the Widow's Son
Ortiz, Simon J.: Woman Singing
Vonnegut, Kurt, Jr.: Harrison Bergeron
Wright, Richard: The Man Who Was Almost a Man

Novels
Alcott, Louisa May: Little Women
Golding, William: Lord of the Flies
Louis, Adrian C.: Skins
Mathews, John Joseph: Sundown
McNickle, D'Arcy: The Surrounded
Orwell, George: Animal Farm
Potok, Chaim: The Chosen
Steinbeck, John: The Red Pony

Autobiography
Fisher, Antwone Quenton: Finding Fish

Drama
Chayefsky, Paddy: The Mother
Shakespeare, William: Romeo and Juliet

Images of Conflict with Authority

Key Concepts and Problems
Who is the authority figure? What characteristics does this figure have? From what sources does the authority derive his or her power? What are the characteristics of the protagonist? What causes them to clash? What is the outcome of the clash? How is the clash resolved? What does the protagonist learn through the clash?

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COPING WITH LOSS

Handy Links:
Coping with Death
Death: An Inquiry into Man's Mortal Weakness
Young adult reactions to death in literature and in life
The WiSSP Resource Library: Coping with Loss in Literature
Literature and the Healing Arts

In the Virtual Library, see:
Journeys of Grief: the Quest of War, Inward and Out (2007) by Naomi White

Writing by Teenagers
Merlyn's Pen search engine for writing by teens about death
Merlyn's Pen search engine for writing by teens about funerals
Merlyn's Pen search engine for writing by teens about loss
Teenlit writing by teens about 9-11
Wordsmiths: An Anthology of Writing by Teens on the Web: Volume No. 44, Remember September 11, Special Edition

Prayers
Last Rites
Mourner's Kaddish

Poetry
Brooke, Rupert: The Dead
Browning, Robert: My Last Duchess
Burns, Robert: Auld Lang Syne
Dickinson, Emily: Because I could not stop for Death; I heard a Fly buzz when I died
Frost, Robert: Out, Out; After Apple Picking; Fire and Ice
Gray, Thomas: Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard
Hopkins, Gerard Manley: Spring and Fall to a Young Child
Housman, A. E.: To an Athlete Dying Young
Keats, John: Ode to a Nightingale, La Belle Dame Sans Merci
Poe, Edgar Allan: The Raven, Annabel Lee
Stevens, Wallace: Domination of Black
Tennyson, Alfred: In Memoriam
Thomas, Dylan: Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night
Whitman, Walt: When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloomed

Short Stories
Borges, Jorge Luis: The Circular Ruins
Chekhov, Anton: Enemies
Faulkner, William: A Rose for Emily
Harjo, Joy: The Woman Who Fell from the Sky
Hemingway, Ernest: Hills Like White Elephants
Joyce, James: The Dead, A Painful Case
Kafka, Franz: The Judgment
Marquez, Gabriel Garcia: Tuesday Siesta
Porter, Katherine Anne: The Grave
Steinbeck, John: Flight

Novels
Agee, Philip: A Death in the Family
Devoto, Pat Cunningham: My Last Days as Roy Rogers
Guest, Judith: Ordinary People
Tolstoy, Leo: The Death of Ivan Ilych

Nonfiction
Baldwin, James: Notes of a Native Son

Drama
Arrabal, Fernando: Picnic on the Battlefield
Galsworthy, John: The Apple Tree
Miller, Arthur: A View from the Bridge

Song
Bugguss, Suzy: Letting Go, In Heaven
Clapton, Eric: Tears in Heaven
Johnny Clegg & Savuka: Osiyeza (The Crossing)
McEntire, Reba: The Greatest Man I Never Knew
Shakur, Tupac: I Ain't Mad Atcha
Shenendoah, Joanne: Dance of the North
Wolf, Kate: Medicine Wheel

Images of Coping with Loss

Key Concepts and Problems
What is lost? What do the characters lose through the loss? What do they gain? How do the characters cope with grief? How does their coping affect them? How do they change? How are the grievers treated by others? How does this treatment affect them? What is the author saying about the human ability to cope with great loss?

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COURAGEOUS ACTION

Online Lesson Plans
Read-Write-Think: Boys Read: Considering Courage in Novels
Read-Write-Think: Examining Island of the Blue Dolphins through a Literary Lens
National Geographic: John Brown and the Underground Railroad

Writing by Teenagers
Merlyn's Pen search engine for writing by teens about courage
Merlyn's Pen search engine for writing by teens about heroism
Teen Ink writing by teens about heroes

Mythology
Hercules

Poetry
Kipling, Rudyard: Gunga Din

Short Stories
Agee, James: A Mother's Tale
Buck, Pearl: Guerilla Mother
Connell, Richard: The Most Dangerous Game
Freeman, Mary E. Wilkins: The Revolt of Mother
Hemingway, Ernest: A Day's Wait
London, Jack: To Build a Fire
Poe, Edgar Allan: The Cask of Amontillado
Vasconcelos, Jose The Boar Hunt

Novels
Carter, Forrest: The Vengeance Trail of Josey Wales
Cather, Willa: Death Comes to the Archbishop
Crane, Stephen: The Red Badge of Courage
Ellison, Ralph: Invisible Man
Hemingway, Ernest: The Old Man and the Sea
Markandaya, Kamala: Nectar in a Sieve
Trumbo, Dalton: Johnny Got His Gun
Welty, Eudora: The Robber Bridegroom

Autobiographies
Angelou, Maya: I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings
Giovanni, Nikki: Gemeni
Yevtushenko, Yevgeny: A Precocious Autobiography

Drama
Buck, Pearl: The Rock
Fletcher, Lucille: Sorry, Wrong Number

Nonfiction
Wiesel, Elie: Night

Films
The Lost Weekend
The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance
The Wooden Camera
3:10 to Yuma

Graphic Novels/Manga
Miller, Frank: 300

Images of Courageous Action

Key Concepts and Problems
What is the definition of courage? What key incident tests the protagonist's courage? How does the character respond to this challenge? Is the character's action courageous? Why or why not? What values in conflict bring about situations calling for courage? Would a courageous action in one situation necessarily be regarded as courageous in the context of another? Why or why not?

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CULTURAL CONFLICT

Handy Links:
Conflicts and Challenges of Jewish Culture

Online Lesson Plans
Read-Write-Think: Exploring Language and Identity: Amy Tan’s “Mother Tongue” and Beyond

Writing by Teenagers
Merlyn's Pen search engine for writing by teens about culture/traditions
Teen Ink writing by teens about cultural experiences

Poetry
Chrystos: Not Vanishing
Hardy, Thomas: The Man He Killed
Owen, Wilfred: Anthem for Doomed Youth, Strange Meeting
Peters, Lenrie: Parachute
Rubadiri, David: Stanley Meets Mutesa

Short Stories
Achebe, Chinua: A Man of the People
Buck, Pearl: The Frill
Isherwood, Christopher: The Berlin Stories
Kipling, Rudyard: The Man Who Would Be King
Nicol, Abioseh: The Devil at Yolahun Bridge
Popkes, Opal Lee: Zuma Chowt's Cave
Tapahonso, Luci: The Snakeman
Warrior, Emma Lee: Compatriots

Novels
Alexie, Sherman: Reservation Blues, Indian Killer
Beti, Mongo: Mission to Kala
Conrad, Joseph: Heart of Darkness
da Cunha, Euclides: Rebellion in the Backlands
Ekwensi, Cyprian: People of the City
Forster, E. M.: A Passage to India
Gaup, Ailou: In Search of the Drum
Gordimer, Nadine: Livingstone's Companions
Greene, Graham: The Human Factor
James, Henry: The American
Lawrence, D. H.: The Plumed Serpent
Louis, Adrian C.: Skins
Mourning Dove: Cogewea: The Half-Blood
Munonye, John: The Only Son
Orwell, George: Burmese Days
Power, Susan: The Grass Dancer
Qoyawayma, Polingaysi: No Turning Back
Scott, Paul: The Jewel in the Crown, The Day of the Scorpion, The Towers of Silence, A Division of the Spoils
Silko, Leslie Marmon: Ceremony
Tan, Amy: Joy Luck Club
Thiongo, Ngugi wa: The River Between

Nonfiction (Essays)
Cheng, Nien: Life and Death in Shanghai
Orwell, George: Shooting an Elephant
Twain, Mark: Innocents Abroad; or, The New Pilgrim's Progress

Autobiographies
Danticat, Edwidge: Brother, I'm Dying
Fire Lame Deer, Archie: Gift of Power: The Life and Teachings of a Lakota Medicine Man
Rogers, John: Red World and White

Song
Johnny Clegg & Savuka: Third World Child
Johnny Clegg: Orphans of the Empire
Yothu Yindi: Treaty, Djäpana, Stop That, many others

Spoken Word
Beatty, Daniel: Duality Duel
Curry, Julian: Niggers Niggas & Niggaz

Film
Dances with Wolves
Once Upon a Time in China
Once Upon a Time in China II
Once Upon a Time in China III
Who am I?
The Wooden Camera

Graphic Novels/Manga
Henry (Yoshitaka) Kiyama: The Four Immigrants Manga: A Japanese Experience in San Francisco, 1904-1924

Images of Cultural Conflict

Key Concepts and Problems
In what ways are the cultures different? Is one culture more powerful than the other? If so, in what way? In the author's view, is one culture superior to the other? If so, in what ways? Do you agree with the author's judgment? What is the outcome of the clash? Is the outcome "fair"? Why or why not? How do characters change as a result of their experience with another culture?

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DISCRIMINATION

Handy Links:
The Invisible People: American Art and Literature Represents the Marginalized and Disenfranchised
Teaching the Concept of Equality Through Literature
The United States of America’s Long Journey: The Concept of Equality in America from 1619-1863

In the Virtual Library, see:
Social Stratification and Discrimination (1999) by Jeff Deroshia

Online Lesson Plans:
Read-Write-Think: Comic Makeovers: Examining Race, Class, Ethnicity, and Gender in the Media
Read-Write-Think: Child Labor: Giving Voice to Child Laborers Through Monologues
Read-Write-Think: Promoting Diversity in the Classroom and School Library through Social Action
Read-Write-Think: Seeing Integration from Different Viewpoints
Read-Write-Think: Using Picture Books to Explore Identity, Stereotyping, and Discrimination
Yale-New Haven Teachers Institute: Gordon Parks' Photography: Breaking Down Racial Barriers with Real Life Stories
Yale-New Haven Teachers Institute: African American History: A Photographic Record
Yale-New Haven Teachers Institute: The Blues Impulse in Drama: Lessons on Racial Pain
Yale-New Haven Teachers Institute: Racism and Nativism in American Political Culture
Learn NC: Respecting differences
Learn NC: Differences Across the Curriculum: Part 1
Learn NC: Differences Across the Curriculum: Part 2
Learn NC: Jim Crow and segregation

Writing by Teenagers
Merlyn's Pen search engine for writing by teens about the elderly
Merlyn's Pen search engine for writing by teens about handicaps
Merlyn's Pen search engine for writing by teens about poverty
Merlyn's Pen search engine for writing by teens about prejudice
Merlyn's Pen search engine for writing by teens about racism
Merlyn's Pen search engine for writing by teens about slavery
Merlyn's Pen search engine for writing by teens about stereotypes

Poems
Maya Angelou: On the Pulse of Morning
Langston Hughes: Mother to Son
J. G. Saxe: The Six Blind Men
Juanita Bell: Indian Children Speak
Soyinka, Wole: Telephone Conversation
Peter Blue Cloud: The Old Man's Lazy
Len Margaret: Night School
Elizabeth Brewster: Jamie
Alden Nowlan: He Sits Down on the Floor of a School for the Retarded

Short Stories
Maria Campbell: Play with Me
Kurt Vonnegut: Harrison Bergeron
Shirley Jackson: After You, My Dear Alphonse
José Antonio Burciaga: Romantic Nightmare
Ray Bradbury: All Summer in a Day
Abrahams, Peter: Tell Freedom
Hutchinson, Alfred: Road to Ghana
Johnson, Dorothy M.: A Man Called Horse
Le Guma, Alex: Where Are You Walking Around, Man?
Luthuli, Albert: The Dignity of Man
Muro, Amado: Cecilia Rosa
Thomas, Piri: Puerto Rican Paradise
Walker, Alice: Everyday Use

Novels
Alexie, Sherman: Reservation Blues, Indian Killer
Ekhart, Alan: A Sorrow in Our Hearts
Gaines, Ernest: A Lesson Before Dying
Goines, Donald: White Man's Justice, Black Man's Grief
Greene, Bette: The Drowning of Stephan Jones
Griterson, David: Snow Falling on Cedars
Hinton, S. E.: The Outsiders
Hurston, Nora Zeal: Their Eyes Were Watching God
Lee, Harper: To Kill a Mockingbird
Louis, Adrian C.: Skins
Markandaya, Kamala: Nectar in a Sieve
Morrison, Toni: Beloved, The Bluest Eye
Mourning Dove: Cogewea: The Half-Blood
Silko, Leslie Marmon: Ceremony
Walker, Alice: The Color Purple
Walker, Margaret: Jubilee
Weisel, Elie: Night
Wright, Richard: Native Son

Nonfiction (Essays)
Baldwin, James: The Discovery of What It Means to Be an American
Hughes, Langston: Fooling Our White Folks
King, Martin Luther, Jr.: Letter from a Birmingham Jail
Longauex y Vasquez, Enriqueta: The Mexican American Woman
Redding, Saunders: American Negro Literature

Nonfiction (Books)
Debo, Angie: And Still the Waters Run
Greene, Melissa Fay: Praying for Sheetrock
Terkel, Studs: Division Street: America
Weatherford, Jack: Native Roots, Indian Givers

Autobiography
Angelou, Maya: I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings
Frank, Anne: Diary of a Young Girl
Wright, Richard: Black Boy

Drama
Hansberry, Lorraine: A Raisin in the Sun
Shakespeare, William: Othello
Shaw, George Bernard: Pygmalion
Wilson, August: Ma Rainey's Black Bottom

Films
Clearcut
Crash
Dance Me Outside
Do the Right Thing
Guess Who's Coming to Dinner?
In the Heat of the Night
The Long Walk Home
Once Were Warriors
Shindler's List
Smoke Signals
Swing Kids
A Soldier's Story
X-Men

Song
Harry Belafonte: Kwela (Listen to the Man)
Johnny Clegg: One (Hu)man, One Vote, Inevitable Consequence of Progress, Asimbonanga
Bob Marley & the Wailers: War
Dave Matthews Band: Cry Freedom
The Weavers (and many others): Sixteen Tons
Vanessa Williams: Colors of the Wind

Documentary Films
Eyes on the Prize series
Martin Luther King, Jr.: From Memphis to Montgomery

Images of Discrimination

Key Concepts and Problems
Why is the character being discriminated against? In what ways is the character different from the group that's discriminating? Does the character want to be accepted? Why or why not? What forms of discrimination is the character subject to? How is the character affected by discrimination? How is the conflict resolved? What in the environment leads to discrimination? What makes discrimination more likely in one environment than in another?

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THE FAMILY

Handy Links:
The Traditions, Culture and Family of New Mexico
Wikipedia entry on Family Life in Literature

In the Virtual Library, see:
Family (2002) by Emily Davis
The Dynamics of Family (2002) by Kimberly A. Evans
The Changing American Family (2004) by Erin Bailey
Relationships: Authority, Family and Peer (2000) by Patrice Loggins, Rustina Thomas, and Brooke Taggart

Online Lesson Plans
Read-Write-Think: The Year I Was Born: An Autobiographical Research Project
Read-Write-Think: Exploring and Sharing Family Stories
Read-Write-Think: Investigating Names to Explore Personal History and Cultural Traditions
Read-Write-Think: My Life/Your Life: A Look at Your Parents’ Past
Yale-New Haven Teachers Institute: Family Finding: Exploring Multicultural Families Using Film
Yale-New Haven Teachers Institute: American Family Portraits (Section I)
Yale-New Haven Teachers Institute: American Family Portraits (Section II)
Yale-New Haven Teachers Institute: Family Ties in Latin American Fiction
Yale-New Haven Teachers Institute: Images of the American Family
Yale-New Haven Teachers Institute: The Family in Literature
Yale-New Haven Teachers Institute: The Changing American Family: Historical and Comparative Perspectives
Learn NC: Grandparent Interview
Learn NC: Family Story with Research
National Endowment for the Humanities: Families in Bondage

Writing by Teenagers
Merlyn's Pen search engine for writing by teens about brothers
Merlyn's Pen search engine for writing by teens about divorce
Merlyn's Pen search engine for writing by teens about the elderly
Merlyn's Pen search engine for writing by teens about the family
Merlyn's Pen search engine for writing by teens about fathers
Merlyn's Pen search engine for writing by teens about home
Merlyn's Pen search engine for writing by teens about marriage
Merlyn's Pen search engine for writing by teens about parents
Merlyn's Pen search engine for writing by teens about pets
Merlyn's Pen search engine for writing by teens about siblings
Merlyn's Pen search engine for writing by teens about sisters
Teen Voices Online: Guatemalan Girls Raise Their “Voces de Cambio”: Mothers

Poetry
Bode, Carl: The Bad Children
Brooks, Gwendolyn: The Children of the Poor
Carver, Raymond: Photograph of My Father in His Twenty Second Year
Dickey, James: The Bee
Hayden, Robert: Those Winter Sundays
Roethke, Theodore: My Papa's Waltz
Plath, Sylvia: Daddy, The Disquieting Muses

Short Stories
Bambara, Toni Cade: Raymond's Run
Boles, Paul Darcy: The Night Watch
Chekhov, Anton: Enemies
Freeman, Mary E. Wilkins: The Revolt of Mother
Gray, Nicholas Stuart: The Star Beast
Hesse, Hermann: A Man by the Name of Ziegler
Jackson, Charles: A Night Visitor
Kelley, William Melvin: Brother Carlyle
Morrison, Toni: Recitatif
Steinbeck, John: Flight
Stuart, Jesse: Love
Williams, William Carlos: The Use of Force

Novels
Allende, Isabel: House of the Spirits
Bell, Betty Louise: Faces in the Moon
Blue, Rose: Goodbye, Forever Tree
Burns, Olive Ann: Cold Sassy Tree
Cross, Gillian: On the Edge
Dorris, Michael: Morning Girl
Irwin, Hadley: What About Grandma?
Lamott, Anne: Rosie, Crooked Little Heart
Maloney, Ray: The Impact Zone
Mazer, Norma Fox: Three Sisters
Smiley, Jane: A Thousand Acres
Stowe, Harriet Beecher: Uncle Tom's Cabin
Tan, Amy: The Joy Luck Club

Autobiographies
Allende, Isabel: Paula
Angelou, Maya: Singin' and Swingin' and Gettin' Merry Like Christmas, Gather Together in My Name
May, Lee: In My Father's Garden
McBride, James: The Color of Water: A Black Man's Tribute to his White Mother
McCourt, Frank: Angela's Ashes
Schlissel, Lillian (ed.): Women's Diaries of the Westward Journey

Nonfiction
Griffin, Garah Jasmine (Ed.): Beloved Sisters and Loving Friends

Drama
Shepard, Sam: Paris, Texas

Film
A River Runs Through It
Soul Food

Song:
Jackson, Alan: Please Daddy don't get drunk this Christmas
Shakur, Tupac: Dear Momma

Spoken Word
Bill Cosby: Chicken Heart, To Russell my Brother whom I slept with, Sneakers, Street Football, The Water Bottle, Christmas, The Giant, My Wife and Kids, Bill's Marriage, Ennis' Toilet, Two Daughters, Two Brothers, Wives, My Father, My Brother Russell, Mothers and Fathers, the Grandfather

Images of the Family

Key Concepts and Problems
What is the definition of a family? What do family members share? What types of conflicts occur within families? How are they resolved? What goals do families have? How do family needs affect the behavior of the characters in the story? What outside influences affect the family? Are these influences good, or bad? Why?

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FRIENDS AND ENEMIES

Handy Links:
Friendship Selections
Yahoo Links to Friendship Poetry

In the Virtual Library, see:
Friendship (1998) by Scott Morgan and Marla Sciara

Writing by Teenagers
Merlyn's Pen search engine for writing by teens about friendship
Merlyn's Pen search engine for writing by teens about hatred

Short Stories
Fante, John: The Odyssey of a Wop
Galsworthy, John: The Apple Tree
Oliver, Diane: Neighbors

Drama
Maugham, Somerset: The Letter

Novels
Auel, Jean: The Clan of the Cave Bear
Bradbury, Ray: Fahrenheit 451
Bridgers, Sue Ellen: Home Before Dark
Cary, Joyce: The Horse's Mouth
Cervantes, Miguel de: Don Quixote
Dumas, Alexandre: The Three Musketeers
Forster, E. M.: A Passage to India
Greene, Bette: Summer of my German Soldier, Morning is a Long Time Coming
Greene, Graham: Brighton Rock
Guy, Rosa: The Friends
Hesse, Hermann: Demian, Narcissus and Goldmund, Siddhartha
Hunt, Irene: Across Five Aprils
Kazantzakis, Nikos: Zorba the Greek
Kerr, M. E.: I'll Love You When You're More Like Me
Knowles, John: A Separate Peace
Lawrence, D. H.: Women in Love
Le Guin, Ursula: Very Far Away from Anywhere Else
Mahy, Margaret: Catalogue of the Universe
Myers, Walter Dean: Hoops
Oates, Joyce Carol: Solstice
Paterson, Katherine: Jacob Have I Loved, The Bridge to Terabithia
Puig, Manuel: The Kiss of the Spider Woman
Steinbeck, John: Of Mice and Men
Strasser, Todd: Friends Till the End
Zalben, Jane Breskin: Here's Looking at You, Kid

Drama
Serling, Rod: In the Presence of Mine Enemies

Film
Ma Vie en Rose (My Life in Pink)
Twilight of the Golds

Role Playing Games
Darling Grove: A Game of Suburban Drama and Friendship

Images of Friends and Enemies

Key Concepts and Problems
What draws friends together? What causes people to be enemies? How do the characters try to settle their differences? How are the conflicts resolved? What is the author trying to say about the nature of friendship? What is the author trying to say about the nature of conflict?

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GANGS, CLIQUES, AND PEER GROUP PRESSURE

Handy Links:
Juvenile Delinquency in the U.S.: Deconstructing the Recipe
When the Good Go Bad: Why Juveniles Become Delinquent

In the Virtual Library, see:
Peer Relations, Peer Influence and Conformity (1998) by Terri Avery & Jennifer Hood
Gangs, Cliques, and Peer Pressure (2002) by Julia Bateman
Recognizing Reductionism: Identifying the Stereotypes Placed on Individuals and Groups by Society (2002) by Bethany Bishop

Online Lesson Plans
Read-Write-Think: A High-Interest Novel Helps Struggling Readers Confront Bullying in Schools
Read-Write-Think: No More Bullying: Understanding the Problem, Building Bully-Free Environments

Writing by Teenagers
Merlyn's Pen search engine for writing by teens about conformity
Merlyn's Pen search engine for writing by teens about fitting in
Merlyn's Pen search engine for writing by teens about outsiders
Merlyn's Pen search engine for writing by teens about peer pressure
Merlyn's Pen search engine for writing by teens about popularity
Teen Ink writing by teens about fitting in and being different

Short Stories
Andreyev, Leonid: Nippie
Cozzens, James Gould: The Animals' Fair
Hwang, S. T.: The Donkey Cart
Langdon, John: The Blue Serge Suit
Stafford, Jean: Bad Characters
Taylor, Elizabeth: Nice and Birds and Boy
Vaca, Nicolas C.: The Purchase
West, Jessamyn: Live Life Deeply

Novels
Hinton, S. E.: Rumble Fish, The Outsiders
Morrison, Toni: The Bluest Eye
Peterson, P. J.: Corky and the Brothers Cool

Drama
Rose, Reginald: Dino
Shakespeare, William: Romeo and Juliet

Films
The Breakfast Club
Colors
Pretty in Pink
Sixteen Candles
West Side Story

Images of Gangs, Cliques, and Peer Pressure

Key Concepts and Problems
What are the values of the group applying pressure? Why have they adopted these values? Why do they try to impose them? In what ways is the protagonist different from the group? How does the protagonist respond to the pressure? How does the protagonist change during the story? What are differences among gang, clique, and peer group? Why do kids join? Why do such groups form?

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GENDER ROLES

Handy Links:
GenderTalk Radio by Topic
Gender Issues in the Language Arts Classroom. ERIC Digest
Gender roles (ENotes)
Fairy Tales and Gender Roles
Teaching Gender Roles at a Christian Liberal Arts College

In the Virtual Library, see:
Women in Literature (2001) by Allison Trice
Emerging Identities and Socially Constructed Gender Awareness (2005) by Pamela M. Amendola, Devon McCarthy, & Ryan L. Neumann
Gender Roles in American Literature (2006) by Tanya Martin, Maggie Taylor, Mimi Voyles, & Chris Woodward

Online Lesson Plans
Read-Write-Think: Analyzing Character Development in Three Short Stories About Women
Read-Write-Think: Avoiding Sexist Language by Using Gender-Fair Pronouns
Read-Write-Think: Critical Literacy: Women in 19th-Century Literature
Read-Write-Think: From Friedan Forward—Considering a Feminist Perspective
Read-Write-Think: Enchanting Readers with Revisionist Fairy Tales
Read-Write-Think: He Said/She Said: Analyzing Gender Roles through Dialogue
Yale-New Haven Teachers Institute: Women Writers in Latin America
Yale-New Haven Teachers Institute: Women's Voices in Fiction
Yale-New Haven Teachers Institute: American Maid: Growing Up Female in Life and Literature
Yale-New Haven Teachers Institute: Gender, Race, and Milieu in Detective Fiction
National Endowment for the Humanities: Cultural Change
National Endowment for the Humanities: Scripting the Past: Exploring Women's History Through Film
Learn NC: Women of the South in a Changing Society

Writing by Teenager
Merlyn's Pen search engine for writing by teens about body image
Merlyn's Pen search engine for writing by teens about boy stories
Merlyn's Pen search engine for writing by teens about feminism
Merlyn's Pen search engine for writing by teens about gay issues
Merlyn's Pen search engine for writing by teens about gender roles
Merlyn's Pen search engine for writing by teens about girl stories

Fairy Tales
Cinderella
Hansel and Gretel

Poetry
Allerton, Ellen P.: Woman's Work
Angelou, Maya: Woman Work
Chester, Laura: Eyes of the Garden
Dorman, Karla J.: A Woman before she is a Child
Naheed, Kishwar: I am not that woman
Saphra, Jacqueline: A Woman's Work
Schroeder, Bethany: Woman's Work
Scott, C. A.: Women's Work: A Poem

Short Stories
Faessler, Shirley: A Basket of Apples
Freeman, Mary E. Wilkins: The Revolt of Mother
Hemingway, Ernest: The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber
Huang, Veronica: Backstage
Hurston, Zora Neale: Sweat
Rau, Santha Rama: Who Cares?
Thurber, James: The Secret Life of Walter Mitty
Toer, Pramoedya Ananta: Inem
Walker, Alice: Everyday Use

Novels
Arnow, Harriette: The Dollmaker
Chopin, Kate: The Awakening
Goines, Donald: Whoreson: The Story of a Ghetto Pimp
Hurston, Zora Neale: Their Eyes Were Watching God
Langton, Jane: Her Majesty, The Boyhood of Grace Jones
Lindbergh, Anne Morrow: Gift from the Sea
Walker, Alice: The Color Purple

Drama
Shaw, George Bernard: How He Lied to Her Husband
Hatcher, Jeffrey: Compleat Female Stage Beauty
Mamet, David: Oleanna

Film
9 to 5
Bintou
Offside
Tootsie
Underground - Short Film by Kristen Dehnert & Aimee Lagos
Victor/Victoria
Waitress
Water

Documentary Film
Hurt, Byron: Beyond, Beats, and Rhymes

Graphic Novels/Manga
Hagio Moto: They Were Eleven
Takahashi, Rumiko. Ranma
Judd Winick: Pedro and Me: Friendship, Loss, and What I Learned

Songs
Kate Bush: This Woman's Work
Johnny Clegg: Daughter of Eden
Judy Collins: Albatross
Meredith Brooks: Bitch
Shania Twain: Man, I Feel Like a Woman
Helen Reddy: I am Woman

Spoken Word
Bill Cosby: The Difference between Men and Women

TV programs
Mad Men

Images of Gender Roles

Key Concepts and Problems
How are the roles of males and females presented in the literature? What is the point of view of the narrator toward these roles? What is the point of view of the author toward these roles? How do these roles reflect the values of the culture and era of the story's setting? To what extent are these roles consistent with attitudes toward gender roles in your community?

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GENERATIONS

Handy links:
Save Ellis Island
Family History
Introduction to Genealogy
Family Memoir: Getting Acquainted With Generations Before Us
Lesson Plan on Family History and Past Generations
Genealogy Links
Cyndi's List of Genealogy Sites on the Internet
The Family and Identity

Online Lesson Plans
Read-Write-Think: Family Memoir: Getting Acquainted With Generations Before Us
Yale-New Haven Teachers Institute: Cultural Discovery and Identity Project Generation Journey

Novels
Barber, Lou: The Baker Affair: 3 Generations of an American Family at War
Butler, Octavia: Kindred
Chun, Pam: When Strange Gods Call
Gamble, Terry: Good Family: A Novel
Gildner, Gary: My Grandfather's Book: Generations of an American Family (Michigan And The Great Lakes)
Marquez, Gabriel Garcia: One Hundred Years of Solitude
Paton, Alan: Cry, the Beloved Country
Tan, Amy: The Joy Luck Club, The Bonesetter's Daughter, The Kitchen God's Wife

Short Stories
Halper, Albert: Prelude
Wright, Richard: Almos a Man

Poetry
Burgess, Frank Gelett: Sestina of Youth and Age
Gibran, Kahlil: On Children
Suckow, Ruth: Grandpa Schuler

Children's Stories
Woodson, Jacqueline: Show Way

Images of Generations

Key Concepts and Problems
Why do people care about their ancestors? To what extent are people the product of the people who came before them? What do families pass down from generation to generation? How are generations different from one another? What defines a family over the course of generations?

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IMMIGRATION

Handy Links:
Immigration/Migration: Today and During the Great Depression: Links
Learn About Immigration

Online Lesson Plans
Yale-New Haven Teachers Institute: Immigration and American Life
Yale-New Haven Teachers Institute: Becoming a "Gringo": Immigrants, Language Learning and Acculturation
Yale-New Haven Teachers Institute: Remaking America: Contemporary U.S. Immigration
Yale-New Haven Teachers Institute: Immigrants and American Identity
National Geographic: Through the Eyes of a Refugee
Learn NC: Why Come to America?

Literature
Discussing Immigration through Literature
Crossing the Border, A Study of Immigration Though Literature
Research immigration and family histories
Literature with Immigration Themes

Film
Media that matter Film Festival: Immigration
Films on Immigration
Immigration & the Movies!
Immigration/Migration: Today and During the Great Depression: Film
God Grew Tired of Us

Songs
Songs about Immigrants
Thousands Are Sailing: Irish Songs Of Immigration CD
Immigration Songs

 

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INFLUENCES ON PERSONALITY

Online Lesson Plans
Read-Write-Think: Assessing Cultural Relevance: Exploring Personal Connections to a Text
Read-Write-Think: Audio Listening Practices: Exploring Personal Experiences with Audio Texts

Novels
Bums, Olive: Cold Sassy Tree
Childress, Alice: A Hero Ain't Nothin' But a Sandwich, Rainbow Jordan
Greene, Hannah: I Never Promised You a Rose Garden
Lipsyte, Robert: One Fat Summer
Myers, Walter Dean: It Ain't All for Nothin'
Peck, Robert Newton: Justice Lion
Sleator, William: House of Stairs
Stewart , Mary: The Crystal Cave
Torchia , Joseph: Kryptonite Kid
Twain, Mark: The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn

Images of Personality

Key Concepts and Problems
What influences do the characters face? Consider such factors as family, religion, friends, media, laws and rules, temperament, intellect, talent, and values. Which of these influences are good? Which are bad? Which influences are the greatest? How does the character respond to the influences? What is the character's real personality? Do the influences shape the character into something other than his or her real self? What does the character discover at the end? How does this realization affect the character?

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JUSTICE

Handy Links:
Focusing on Juvenile Justice
Realizing Our Inalienable Rights Through Literacy and Citizenship
American Justice and Student Rights
United States; T.R.I.C.K.Y.: Teenage Reality, Ideals, Citizenship, Keepsakes, and You
Smagorinsky, P. (1994). Bring the court room to the classroom: Develop civic awareness with simulation activities. The Social Studies, 85, 174-180.

In the Virtual Library, see:
Social Injustice (1998) by Nelie Betress and Bridget Taylor
Understanding Human Rights through Literature (1999) by Jenny Cockrill, Stephanie Hall, Rebecca Long
Crime and Punishment (2003) by Jessica Hagans and Kate Phillips
The American Justice System: Does It Work? (2007) by Megan Kingsley

Online Lesson Plans
Read-Write-Think: That's Not Fair! Examining Civil Liberties With the U.S. Supreme Court
Read-Write-Think: What Are My Rights? Exploring and Writing About the Constitution
Read-Write-Think: Breaking Barriers, Building Bridges: Critical Discussion of Social Issues
Read-Write-Think: Crit Lit for Kids: From Critical Consciousness to Service Learning
Read-Write-Think: Fighting Injustice by Studying Lessons of the Past
Yale-New Haven Teachers Institute: Crime and Punishment
Yale-New Haven Teachers Institute: New Movements For Social Justice: The Latino Struggle for Equal Rights (1950’s-1970’s)
Yale-New Haven Teachers Institute: Multiculturalism and the Law
Yale-New Haven Teachers Institute: The Constitution and Criminal Justice
Learn NC: Justice for All? To Kill a Mockingbird and A Time to Kill

Poetry
Anzaldua, Gloria: How to Tame a Wild Tongue
Davis, Frank Marshall: Giles Johnson, Ph.D.
Mirikitani, Janice: Breaking Silence
Mitsui, James: Destination: Tule Lake Relocation Center, May 20, 1942
Okita, Dwight: In Response to Executive Order 9006
Okubo, Mine: Holding Center, Tanforan Race Track Spring 1942
Walker, Margaret: For My People

Novels
Bambara, Toni Cade: The Salt Eaters
Carlisle, Henry, and Carlisle, Olga Andreyev: The Idealists
Courteney, Bryce: The Power of One
Dostoyevsky, Fyodor: Crime and Punishment
Faulkner, William: Light in August
Le Guin, Ursula: The Dispossessed
Melville, Herman: Billy Budd
Steiner, George: The Portage to San Cristobal of A.H.
Taylor, Mildred: Roll of Thunder, Hear my Cry
Toomer, Jean: Cane
Uchida, Yoshiko: The Invisible Friend
Wells-Barnett, Ida B. Crusade for Justice
Wouk, Herman: The Caine Mutiny
Wright, Richard: Native Son

Autobiographies
Black Elk with John G. Neihardt: Black Elk Speaks
Mandela, Nelson: Long Walk to Freedom
Moody, Anne: Coming of Age in Mississippi
Standing Bear, Luther: My People, the Sioux

Nonfiction
Barbara Ehrenreich and Deidre English: Complaints and Disorders: The Sexual Politics of Sickness
King, Martin Luther Jr.: Letter from a Birmingham Jail
Thoreau, Henry David: Civil Disobedience

Drama
Peckinpah, Sam: Noon Wine
Rose, Reginald: Twelve Angry Men
Shakespeare, William: The Merchant of Venice

Song
Johnny Clegg & Savuka: Bombs Away
Johnny Clegg & Savuka: Warsaw 1943
La Farge, Peter: As Long As the Grass Shall Grow

Images of Justice

Key Concepts and Problems
What is the definition of justice? Where do the characters in the story get their concept of justice? Is the behavior of the characters in the story just? Why or why not? What are the difficulties involved in achieving justice? In what ways can punishment be justly related to crime? What is the relationship between justice and mercy? What is the source of one's concept of justice?

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THE LEADER

Short Stories
Deal, Bordon: Antaeus
Guthrie, A. B., Jr.: Old Mother Hubbard

Novels
Bonham, Frank: Durango Street
Cormier, Robert: The Chocolate War, After the First Death, The Bumblebee Flies Anyway
Courteney, Bryce: The Power of One
Forman, James: A Ceremony of Innocence
French, Michael: The Throwing Season
Golding, William: Lord of the Flies
Hinton, S. E.: The Outsiders; That Was Then, This Is Now; Rumble Fish
L'Engle, Madeleine: A Ring of Endless Light
O'Brien, Robert: Z for Zachariah
Schaefer, Jack: Shane
Stevenson, Robert Louis: Treasure Island
Twain, Mark: Tom Sawyer
Zindel, Paul: Harry and Hortense at Hormone High

Film
Dave
Hoosiers

Images of the Leader

Key Concepts and Problems
What are the qualities of a leader? Why do others follow such a person? What type of leadership does the leader offer? What is the leader's purpose? How is this character regarded by the others in the story? How does the leader change during the story?

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LOSS OF INNOCENCE

Writing by Teenagers
Merlyn's Pen search engine for writing by teens about innocence

Mythology
Pandora's Box
Phaethon
Deirdre and the Sons of Usna

The Bible
The Creation and the Fall (Genesis 1 3)

Poetry
Cullen, Countee: Youth Sings a Song of Rosebuds
Millay, Edna St. Vincent: Childhood Is the Kingdom Where Nobody Dies
Roethke, Theodore: Dirty Dinky
Rossetti, Christina: The Goblin Market
Stafford, William: In the Old Days, Time
Thomas, Dylan: Fern Hill

Short Stories
Hawthorne, Nathaniel: Egotism, Or the Bosom Serpent
Joyce, James: Araby
Shaw, Irwin: Peter Two
Updike, John: You'll Never Know, Dear, How Much I Love You
Warren, Robert Penn.: Blackberry Winter

Novels
Baldwin, James: Go Tell It on the Mountain
Carter, Forrest: The Education of Little Tree
Gipson, Fred: Old Yeller
Hawthorne, Nathaniel: The Marble Faun
Hunter, Kristin: God Bless the Child
Knowles, John: A Separate Peace
Rawlings, Marjorie: The Yearling
Salinger, J. D.: The Catcher in the Rye
Sister Souljah: No Disrespect
Smith, Betty: A Tree Grows in Brooklyn
Soyinka, Wole: Ake. The Years of Childhood
Steinbeck, John: The Red Pony

Song
Barenaked Ladies: Pinch Me
Johnny Clegg & Savuka: The Promise
Kathy Mattea: The Innocent Years

Images of Loss of Innocence

Key Concepts and Problems
What is innocence? In what ways is the character originally "innocent"? What causes the "fall"? How is the character affected by the fall? Is the character better off, or worse? Why? What has the character learned from this experience?

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LOVE

Online Lesson Plans
Read-Write-Think: Finding Poetry in Prose: Reading and Writing Love Poems

Poetry
Bums, Robert: A Red, Red Rose
Donne, John: The Ecstasy
Graves, Robert: Symptoms of Love
Herrick, Robert: Delight in Disorder
Lowell, Amy: The Taxi
Roethke, Theodore: Elegy for Jane
Shakespeare, William: Sonnets 18, 29
Shapiro, Karl: How Do I Love You?
Yeats, William Butler: The Lover Tells of the Rose in His Heart

Short Stories
Hughes, Langston: A Good Job Done
Kerckhoff, Joan: Talk To Me, Talk To Me
O'Connor, Flannery: Everything That Rises Must Converge

Novels
Austen, Jane: Pride and Prejudice
Bronte, Charlotte: Jane Eyre
Bronte, Emily: Wuthering Heights
du Maurier, Daphne: Rebecca
Faulkner, William: Light in August
Hemingway, Ernest: A Farewell to Arms
Joyce, James: Ulysses
Kundera, Milan: The Unbearable Lightness of Being
Marquez, Gabriel Garcia: Love in the Time of Cholera
McCullers, Carson: The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter
Percy, Walker: The Second Coming, The Moviegoer
Rhys, Jean: Wide Sargasso Sea
Walker, Alice: The Color Purple
Woolf, Virginia: Orlando

Drama
Chayefsky, Paddy: Marty
Shakespeare, William: A Midsummer Night's Dream, Romeo and Juliet

Films
Brown Sugar
Out of Africa

Songs
LL Cool J: I Need Love

Images of Love

Key Concepts and Problems
What is the definition of romantic love? What enables the lovers to become intimate with each other? How do the characters in the story illustrate the definition of romantic love? How do they fall short of the definition? Is there such thing as weak love, or can it only be strong? How does a love relationship affect an individual? How do individuals in love affect each other? How does romantic love develop?

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LOYALTY

Handy Links:
Wikipedia entry on Bushido
Muslim loyalty and belonging: does extremism have a future?
Humanity Quest Loyalty Resources
Character Education Links

Writing by Teenagers
Merlyn's Pen search engine for writing by teens about betrayal

The Bible
Abraham and Isaac (Genesis 22:1 19)
Cain and Abel (Genesis 4:1 16)
The Golden Calf (Exodus 32, 33:1 6)
Joseph and His Brothers (Genesis 37:1 36)

Poetry
Brooks, Gwendolyn: The Preacher: Ruminates Behind the Sermon
Masters, Edgar Lee: The Village Atheist
Muir, Edwin: Moses
Nemerov, Howard: Santa Claus
Prettyman, Quandra: When Mahalia Sings
Shapiro, Karl: 151st Psalm
Spender, Stephen: What I Expected
Yeats, William Butler: The Second Coming

Short Stories
Babel, Isaac: Awakening
Baldwin, James: My Childhood
Chavez, Fray Angelico: Hunchback Madonna
Frame, Janet: The Reservoir
Haycox, Ernest: A Question of Blood
Hughes, Langston: Salvation
Mendoza, Durango: Summer Water and Shirley
O'Flaherty, Liam: The Fairy Goose
Silko, Leslie Marmon: The Man to Send Rain Clouds
Swados, Harvey: Claudine's Book

Novels
Anderson, M. T.: The Astonishing Life of Octavian Nothing, Traitor to the Nation, Vol. 1: The Pox Party; The Astonishing Life of Octavian Nothing, Traitor to the Nation, Volume II: The Kingdom on the Waves
Gipson, Fred: Old Yeller
Potok, Chaim: The Chosen, The Promise

Nonfiction
Pledge of Allegiance
Chief Joseph of the Nez Perce: Speech of Surrender
King, Martin Luther, Jr.: Letter from a Birmingham Jail
Lincoln, Abraham: Gettysburg Address
Red Jacket: An Indian Speaks
Thoreau, Henry David: Civil Disobedience

Drama
Chayefsky, Paddy: Holiday Song

Films
The Bridge on the River Kwai
The Curse of the Golden Flower
On the Waterfront

Songs
Barenaked Ladies: Off the Hook
Johnny Clegg & Savuka: Warsaw 1943

Images of Loyalty

Key Concepts and Problems
What is loyalty? What are the different kinds of loyalty? What causes someone to feel loyal? What forces can compete with one's loyalty? How does one choose between being loyal or disloyal? How does one judge someone who has acted disloyally?

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MENTAL HEALTH AND MENTAL ILLNESS

Handy Links:
Wikipedia's List of Mental Illness in Art and Literature
Wikipedia's List of people who have suffered from depression
Mental Illness
Mental Health 3: Mental Health Through Literature
Linking about: the Victorians and Mental Illness
A photographer & writer struggling with mental illness
Talking About mental illness: Teacher's resource
Perceptions of Mental Illness

In the Virtual Library, see:
Mental Illness (2004) by Emily Lancaster & Christopher Warren

Online Lesson Plans
Yale-New Haven Teachers Institute:...By Reason of Insanity An Exploration of the Mental Disease/Defect Defense

Writing by Teenagers
Merlyn's Pen search engine for writing by teens about child abuse
Merlyn's Pen search engine for writing by teens about depression
Merlyn's Pen search engine for writing by teens about eating disorders
Teen Ink writing by teens about health issues, including mental health

Novels:
Faulkner, William: As I Lay Dying
Faulkner, William: The Sound and the Fury
Haddon, Mark: The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time
Heller, Joseph: Catch-22
Kesey, Ken: One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest
Lee, Harper: To Kill a Mockingbird
Salinger, J. D.: The Catcher in the Rye

Play:
Miller, Arthur: Death of a Salesman

Short Stories
Gilman, Charlotte Perkins: The Yellow Wallpaper

Biography:
Nasar, Sylvia: A Beautiful Mind
Plath, Sylvia: The Bell Jar

Film
The King of Kong: A Fistful of Quarters

Television programs
24 (Chloe O'Brian, autism spectrum; Brady Hauser, autism spectrum)
All My Children (Lily Montgomery, autism spectrum)
Bones (Dr. Temperance "Bones" Brennan & Zack Addy, Asperger's syndrome)
Boston Legal (Jerry Espenson, Asperger's syndrome)
Criminal Minds (Dr. Spencer Reid, Asperger's syndrome)
CSI: Crime Scene Investigation (Gil Grissom, possibly autism spectrum)
Eureka (Kevin Stark, Autism)
Heroes (Matt Parkman, dyslexia and learning disabilities)
House (Dr. Gregory House, possibly autism spectrum)
Law and Order: Criminal Intent (Bobby Goren, possibly Asperger's syndrome)
Monk (Adrian Monk, obsessive-compulsive disorder; Monk's brother, Asperger's syndrome)
Numb3rs (Charlie Eppes, Asperger's syndrome)
ReGenesis (Dr. Bob Melnikov, Asperger's syndrome)
The Shield (Mackey Children, Autism)
Wire in the Blood (Tony Hill, Aserger's Syndrome)

Songs:
Barenaked Ladies: Brian Wilson
Barenaked Ladies: War on Drugs

Graphic Novels/Manga:
Tobe, Keiko: With the Light

Video Games
American McGee's Alice

Images of Mental Illness and