• Adult Education, Learning and Organization Development
• Ed Administration & Policy Program
• Qualitative Research Program

Melvin E. Hunt
John Dayton

The current Program of Educational Administration and Policy began in 2002.  The roots of this program, however, run very deep in the College of Education, continuing a long and distinguished history of educational excellence at the University of Georgia.  The Program in Educational Administration and Policy continues to be among the highest ranked programs in its field nationally and internationally.  This success is the product of a very long history of hard work and dedication to educational excellence by highly talented faculty and students.  The account below is an attempt to recall some of the major events and people that have contributed to this long and impressive history.  No doubt many books could be written about the fine works of any one of the people mentioned, and about every phase of development in the history of this program.  While this document cannot recount in detail this remarkable history, it attempts to outline some of the events and people, and to serve as an invitation to others to use this document as a starting point for a more thorough account of the events and people that have shaped this remarkable history.
This document begins with a summary timeline of events and people.  The timeline is drawn from an outstanding and more thorough series of documents, History of the Department of Curriculum and Supervision (1969, 1977, & 1994) written by Dr. Lutian R. Wooten.  The second entry in this document is a brief note on the history of the Department of School Administration and Field Services, and this document concludes with a narrative on the history of Curriculum and Supervision at the University of Georgia from 1968 to 1992 contributed by Melvin E. Hunt, a distinguished program area alumni and historian currently conducting research for his dissertation on the Curriculum and Supervision programs at the University of Georgia under the direction of Dr. Sally J. Zepeda, Professor in Educational Administration and Policy.  We also wish to express our great appreciation to Dr. Michael W. LaMorte, Professor Emeritus, and many others who contributed information to this document.

A Brief Timeline of the History of the Current
Educational Administration & Policy Program

Date	Event
1937	Supervision program began at Georgia Southern College, Statesboro, Georgia, funded by Rosenwald Fund for Education. (EDAP)
1939	Rosenwald supervision moved to University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, where supervision program was given graduate status. Administration and Supervision programs were merged. Jane Franseth was the first director, and was followed by Johnnye V. Cox who became the director in 1948 and provided leadership for supervision until retirement in 1971. (EDAP)
1949	Doyne Muncie Smith served at the University of Georgia 1949-1981, most of this time as the Head of the Department of Administration in a program that prepared many of Georgia’s leading school administrators, superintendents, and state superintendents. The program went through many name changes and accepted many new missions, but consistently served in the preparation of school administrators. The faculty also played a significant role in assisting in desegregation efforts following Brown v. Board of Education, including work through the federal funded School Desegregation Educational Center, which was later called the Center for Educational Improvement. This latter effort was headed by Morrill Hall. (EDAP)
1966	Organization of the College of Education at the University of Georgia included ten divisions with designated departments in each division: 1) Health & Physical Education; 2) Vocational Education; 3) Exceptional Children; 4) Educational Foundations; 5) Instruction; 6) Administration & Supervision; 7) Counselor Education & Student Personnel; 8) Demonstration & Practice Laboratories; 9) Graduate Studies; and 10) Research & Development Center. (EDAP)
	Department of Curriculum & Teaching organized, including Sue W. Cromartie, Milly Cowles, J. Butler James, Cornelia E. Johnson, Rhonda S. Newman, and Lutian R. Wooton. (EDAP)
	Sue W. Cromartie
1967	Faculty added included Jerold P. Bauch, Ray E. Bruce, Donald R. Chipley, Mary F. Compton, Elmer C. Ellis, Paul M. Halverson, Editha B. Mills, and John C. Reynolds. 1967-1968 (EDAP)
	Ray E. Bruce
1968	Paul M. Halverson, University Research Professor and curriculum specialist added to department, leading the development of a Doctor of Education in Curriculum. (EDAP)
	Merger of Supervision, from Department of Administration & Supervision, with Curriculum & Teaching, forming “Department of Curriculum & Supervision” including leaders in supervision, Johnnye V. Cox, Reba M. Burnham, Virginia M. Macagnoni, and Edith E. Grimsley. (EDAP)
	New faculty added to Department of Curriculum & Supervision included Elizabeth C. Aderhold, James E. Eisele, A. Walden Ends, Martin A. McCullough, D. Keith Osborn, James M. Palardy, and Betty Jennings. 1968-1969 (EDAP)
1969	Division of Elementary Education formed from Department of Curriculum & Supervision, reallocating appropriate courses and faculty. (EDAP)
1970	Curriculum & Supervision Department transferred from Division of Instruction to Division of Administration & Services. (EDAP)
1973	Gerald R. Firth named chair of the Department of Curriculum & Supervision. (EDAP)
	Gerald R. Firth
1980	Centers in Gwinnett County, North Georgia College-Dahlonnega, and the Medical College of Georgia-Augusta, established for resident credit courses. Doctoral program in health science professions also offered by Curriculum & Supervision Department in Dublin, Georgia, and at Piedmont Medical Center, Atlanta, Georgia. (EDAP)
1982	Murray H. Tillman appointed acting chair of the Department of Curriculum & Supervision. (EDAP)
1983	Seven divisions were established as an organizational plan in the College of Education, with Division VII including the Curriculum & Supervision Department. (EDAP)
1991	Curriculum & Supervision Department merged with the Department of Administration, forming the Department of Educational Leadership.  Department faculty included Theresa Bey, Joseph Blase, Reba Jo Blase, Carvin Brown, Ray Bruce, Don Carver, Gerald Firth, Carl Glickman, Robert Heslep, C. Thomas Holmes, Ken Matthews, Michael LaMorte, Beverly Lindsey, Edward Pajak, Arthur Phillips, Carl Schnittjer. William Swan, Kenneth Tanner, Duncan Waite, and David Weller. (EDAP)
	Left to Right: Joseph Blase, Reba Jo Blase, Carl Glickman, C. Thomas Holmes, Edward Pajak, William Swan, and Kenneth Tanner
	John Dayton joined the Department of Educational Leadership. (EDAP)
	John Dayton
1995	William Wraga joined the Department of Educational Leadership. (EDAP)
1996	Karen Loup Hunt joined the Department of Educational Leadership. (EDAP)
1998	Cathy Sielke joined the Department of Educational Leadership. (EDAP)
	Cathy Sielke
1999	Sally Zepeda joined the Department of Educational Leadership. (EDAP)
	Sally Zepeda
2000	Max Skidmore joined the Department of Educational Leadership. (EDAP)
	Max Skidmore
2001	Kevin Jenkins joined the Department of Educational Leadership. (EDAP)
2002	William Wraga named as Department Head, leading the creation of the new Department of Educational Administration & Policy. (EDAP)
	William Wraga
2003	Jennifer Gong joined the Department of Educational Administration & Policy. (EDAP)
	Jennifer Gong
2004	CoE reorganized into nine departments. Adult Education became Program and linked with Educational Administration and Qualitative Research Program to form Department of Lifelong Education, Administration, and Policy (LEAP). Ronald Cervero appointed Interim Head of LEAP and then permanent head in 2005. CoE reorganization provided opportunity for faculty members to petition for transfers to new departments.
2005	Dr. John Culbreath, distinguished alumni, former Dougherty County Superintendent, and Dean, Albany State University, founded the Educational Administration & Policy (EDAP) Program Advisory Committee. Dr. Culbreath was joined by a highly distinguished group of Georgia educators in founding the EDAP Advisory Committee, including Dr. Lew Allen, Co-Director League of Professional Schools; Dr. Gene Bottoms, Senior Vice President (often represented by Dr. Kathy O’Neill) Southern Regional Education Board (SREB); Dr. David A. Cole, Principal Clarke County Alternative School H.T. Edward Teaching and Learning Center; Dr. John Culbreath, EDAP Advisory Committee Chair, former Dougherty County Superintendent, and Dean, Albany State University; Stephen Dolinger, President Georgia Partnership for Excellence in Education; Dr. Dennis L. Fordham, Superintendent Hall County School District; Tony Guisasola, Vice Chairman Gilmer County School Board; Dr. Michael Gwatney, Principal East Fannin Elementary School; Jeannie (Sis) Henry, Executive Director Georgia School Boards Association; Dr. Cassandra P. Herring, Policy Director Georgia Department of Education; Linda Hopping, Executive Director, Georgia Middle School Association; Dr. Cindy Loe, Associate Superintendent Gwinnett County Public Schools; Dr. Ida Love, Deputy Superintendent Georgia Department of Education; Tad MacMillan, Principal Barrow Elementary School; Dr. Michael Moore, former Superintendent Effingham County Schools; Dr. Jim Puckett, Executive Director Georgia Association of Educational Leaders (GAEL); Dr. Barbara M. Pulliam, Superintendent Clayton County Public Schools; Dr. Robert Saunders, Superintendent Barrow County School District; and Dr. Jeffrey D. Williams, Research Director Georgia School Superintendents Association Georgia State University College of Education. (EDAP)
2006	Eric Houck joined the Program of Educational Administration & Policy. (EDAP)
	Eric Houck
	April Peters joined the Program of Educational Administration & Policy. (EDAP)
	April Peters
2007	Art Recesso joined the Program of Educational Administration & Policy (EDAP)
	Art Recesso
2008	Sheneka Williams joined the Program of Educational Administration & Policy. (EDAP)
	Sheneka Williams
	Jack Parish joined the Program of Educational Administration & Policy. (EDAP)
	Jack Parish

The Program of Educational Administration & Policy has also recently had many outstanding practitioner-scholars who have contributed to instructional excellence, including Dr. Jackie Adams, Principal, West Hall High School, Hall County Public Schools; Dr. Lea Arnau, Director of Professional Development, Gwinnett County Public Schools; Dr. Lori Bowen, Teacher, Advanced Placement in English Literature and Gifted Language Arts, Mill High School, Hoschton, Georgia; Dr. Ron Busbee, Assistant Superintendent for Human Resources, Houston County Public Schools; Dr. Francis Davis, Associate Superintendent, Division of Human Resources, Gwinnett County Public Schools; Dr. Bill Kruskamp, Principal, Creekland Middle School, Gwinnett County Public Schools; Dr. Cindi Loe, Associate Superintendent, Division of Teaching and Learning, Gwinnett County Public Schools; Dr. Bryan Long, Assistant Principal, GIVE Center East, Gwinnett County Public Schools; Dr. Mike Mattingly, Assistant Superintendent for Teaching and Learning, Houston County Public Schools; Dr. Brook Whitmire, Human Resources Director of High School Staffing, Gwinnett County Public Schools; and Dr. Jim Willis, Superintendent, Putnam County Public Schools.

There are unquestionably many other events and people that have made significant and impressive contributions to the history and success of the current Educational Administration & Policy program and any omission or error is simply due to a lack of information at the time this document was written.  If you are aware of other notable events and people that are not already mentioned, please forward this information for inclusion in future timelines and histories.  And, whether directly named or not in this historical overview, the current faculty and students wish to extend our greatest thanks and appreciation to everyone that has contributed to the success of this program.  Further, we wish to extend the promise of our personal best efforts to continue the great legacy that others began so that we may sustain and advance this longstanding tradition of excellence in teaching, research, and service into the future.  Those that have shaped our past successes have made current and future success possible.

“If I have seen further, it is by standing on the shoulders of giants.“  Sir Isaac Newton.

A Brief Note on the History of the Department of
School Administration and Field Services

Doyne Muncie Smith served at the University of Georgia from 1949-1981, most of that time as the Head of the Department of Administration, in a program that prepared many of Georgia’s leading school administrators, superintendents, and state superintendents.  The program went through name changes and accepted many new missions, but consistently served in the preparation of outstanding school administrators, becoming a leader in administrator preparation in Georgia, the Southeast, and nationally.  The program also served an important role in assisting in desegregation efforts following Brown v. Board of Education. Much of this work was supported through the federally funded School Desegregation Educational Center, which was later called the Center for Educational Improvement.  This effort was headed by Morrill Hall.  The Department of School Administration and Field Services attracted many distinguished faculty, including Doyne M. Smith, Harold Gentry, Andrew Halpin, Michael La Morte, Morrill Hall, Garland Oliver, Lee Sprowwles, Oscar Jarvis, Robert Heslep, Eugene Boyce, Harry Williams, David Mullen, Carvin Brown, Kenneth Mathews, Kenneth Tanner, Carl Schnittjer Joseph Blase, Reba Jo Blase, William Swan, Gerald Firth, Edward Pajak, Don Carver and other distinguished faculty.  Further and more complete information can be found in an excellent book by Bob W. Jerrolds, The History of the College of Education, the University of Georgia (1989).

Melvin E. Hunt’s Historical Background on the Department of Curriculum and Supervision in the College of Education at the University of Georgia

Teacher education became a function of the University of Georgia in 1891 when the Georgia Legislature established the State Normal Schools including one in Athens. The purpose of these schools was to educate and to train teachers for Georgia’s Common Schools. The schools began operations in the summer of 1892. The programs of the Normal Schools operated during the summer months and offered a curriculum that included general education and specific professional training in pedagogy (Jerrolds, 1989; Orr, 1950). The first instructor at the Normal School in Athens was Lawton Bryan Evans, and he “superintended” the program during the 1891-1893 sessions. After leaving the Normal School, Evans became the superintendent of the Richmond County School System and authored Lectures in School Supervision (Dyer, 1985; Jerrolds, 1989; Joiner, Bonner, Shearouse, & Smith, 1979; Orr, 1950; Reed, 1949).

In 1911, the Georgia Legislature established a New State Board of Education and passed a constitutional amendment in 1912 to include high schools in state funding. The Compulsory School Attendance and Child Labor Laws were enacted in 1916. This collection of laws paved the way for expansion of Georgia’s elementary and secondary educational system. Women were admitted to the state university as regular students in 1918. The State Normal School in Athens established a four year curriculum in 1922 for granting Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Science Degrees in education. Teacher certification became a state function in1924 when the State Division of Certification was created (Joiner et al., 1979).

The Bureau of Educational Research and Field Services

The Bureau of Educational Research and Field Services at the University of Georgia was established in January 1947 to conduct research on problems in Georgia’s schools and offer assistance to local school systems in address these problems. The Bureau conducted an extensive study of the operations of Georgia’s common schools. Joseph A. Williams and Johnnye V. Cox were members of the research team. This study produced a report entitled “A Survey of Public Education of Less Than College Grade in Georgia,” which would eventually lead to one of the state’s largest school reform acts, The Minimum Foundations Program of Education for Georgia Act of 1949 which was enacted in 1951 and revised in 1964 (Jerrolds, 1989; Joiner et al., 1979).

The Department of Curriculum and Supervision
1968 to 1992

The Department of Curriculum and Supervision in the College of Education at the University of Georgia was established on July 1, 1968. At that time, three professors who had a focus in curriculum and educational supervision, Dr. Reba Burnham, Dr. Johnnye V. Cox, and Dr. Virginia Macagnoni from the Bureau of Educational Research and Field Services were transferred by the School of Education’s Dean Joe Williams to the Department of Curriculum and Teaching (Bruce, 2005; Grimsley, 2005; Macagnoni, 2005).

One of those faculty members, Dr. Johnnye V. Cox, had been involved in the field of teacher supervision for 30 years prior to her assignment to the newly established Department of Curriculum and Supervision. She was trained as a supervisor at South Georgia Teachers College which housed Georgia’s first supervision program from 1937 to 1938. This program was responsible for educating the first certified educational supervisors as established by Georgia legislation in 1937.

On July 1, 1969 the Division of Elementary Education was formed from members of the Department of Curriculum and Supervision resulting in the transfer of courses and faculty to this new division. Dr. Gilbert Sharron, who was Chair of the Department of Curriculum and Supervision, was named chairman of that new division. Gilbert Sharron was replaced by Martin A. McCullough as Chair of the Department of Curriculum and Supervision on September 1, 1969. The Department was transferred from the Division of Instruction to Division of Administration and Services four months later on January 1, 1970. That same year the College of Education was moved from Baldwin Hall to newly opened Aderhold Hall on the South Campus. Following that move, Dr. Paul Halverson was named acting chair of Department of Curriculum and Supervision on July 1 1971 (Bruce, 2005; Firth, 2006; Wootton, 1994).

Dr. David A Payne, a specialist in evaluation, filled a position created to be shared by the Department of Educational Psychology with the Department of Curriculum and Supervision in the reorganization of the College of Education on July 1, 1969. Dr Payne taught a new course, ECS 806, Curriculum Evaluation, which had been developed and approved by school administration (Bruce, 2005; Firth, 2006; Wootton, 1994).

Dr. Johnnye V. Cox retired from the University of Georgia on July 1, 1972 and was granted the title Professor Emeritus. That year she was instrumental in the establishment of the Georgia Association of Curriculum and Instructional Supervision (GACIS), which was the result of a merger between the Jeanes supervisors’ organization and the Georgia Department of Instructional Supervision. (Grimsley, Burnham, Cox, Hussey, Singletary Jr., & Woodard, 1974; Sessoms, Tackwood, Davis, Dempsey, & Knight, 1975).

Dr. Gerald Firth came to the University of Georgia just as the Georgia General Assembly was preparing to enact the Adequate Program for Education in Georgia (APEG) in 1973.  Dr Firth was appointed to Chair the Department of Curriculum and Supervision in the College of Education. He remained in that position until 1989 when he went to Egypt for two years. He returned to the Department in 1991. The Department of Curriculum and Supervision rose to national prominence during Dr. Firth’s tenure as department chair. During that time the department continued to be a major educator of supervisors in Georgia schools as well as developing programs of study for individuals in several Georgia medical schools. The department was highly active in numerous state and national professional organizations.

Major Contributions made by the Department of Curriculum and Supervision

Internships in Supervision and Instructional Lead Teachers in Georgia

The supervision program’s internship was a key component that existed since the program for the training of supervisors was established at South Georgia Teachers College in 1937. The internship continued to be a central activity of the program when it was brought to the University of Georgia and continued when the original program under the Bureau of Field Services was merged into the Department of Curriculum and Teaching. Dr. Edith Grimsley discussed the internship’s beginning:

There had always been an internship. For as long as there was a program here there was an internship and so I guess I would have to say when Reba Burnham and Johnnye Cox became a part of the department they brought the program with them. Not just that program [the internship], but the entire supervision program. It was a given that the internship was a part of it (Grimsley, 2006).

The satisfaction of those teachers involved in the program was documented in a 1991 study of participants in Gwinnett County (Kahrs, 1991). In the study’s data analysis the researcher concluded:

Within the research-generated category of internship the themes of mentoring, instructional supervision, and site selection emerged from the directors and the participants. The internship was the highlight of the experience from the point of view of all participants. Most of them were engaged in a wide variety of experiences during this full-time internship experience (p.60).

The number of students enrolled in the supervision program began to increase steadily when the Department of Curriculum and Supervision was established in 1968. During that period, Georgia counties began to add school based supervisory positions called Instructional Lead Teachers (Guerke, 1991; Kahrs, 1991; Williams, 1990). These positions were often staffed with individuals who obtained the Instructional Supervisor (I.S.) Endorsement added to their teaching certificate. This endorsement required 15 quarter hours of college courses and resulted in a pay supplement for positions that involved supervision of teachers (Williams, 1990).

The position of Instructional Lead Teacher (ILT) began to emerge as a school based instructional supervisory position in various public school systems in Georgia during the early operations of the Department of Curriculum and Supervision at the University of Georgia (Kahrs, 1991; Williams, 1990). Two Department members who were closely associated with the implementation of these positions in Georgia were Dr. Ray Bruce and Dr. Edith Grimsley.

The training of Instructional Lead Teachers became the focus of cooperative programs between local Georgia school systems and the Department of Curriculum and Supervision. Among the original systems involved were Americus City, Dekalb County, Gwinnett County, Houston County, and Richmond County (Kahrs, 1991; Williams, 1990). The two faculty members who were the most active in these systems were Dr. Ray Bruce and Dr. Edith Grimsley. Dr. Bruce discussed those programs:

Edith Grimsley and I had programs in Houston County in Augusta in Richmond County and with that we encouraged the schools to put people in leadership positions. We had great cooperation from those and great success with the teachers. The teachers who received the [supervisory] service were well pleased. (February, 2006)

Many of these Instructional Lead Teachers enrolled at the University of Georgia in the three courses required for the I.S. Endorsement. Those three courses were; Introduction to Supervision (ECS 721); Supervision of Instruction (ECS 722); and Internship in Supervision (ECS 970). ECS 721, Introduction to Supervision, focused on trends and issues in the field of supervision. Two ASCD publications, Readings in Educational Supervision Volumes I and II, were complied by Dr. Ray Bruce and Dr. Edith Grimsley. These publications were comprised of selected reading from the journal Educational Leadership, which was another ASCD publication. These reading were used to examine trends and issues in Dr. Bruce and Dr. Grassley’s ECS 721 classes and soon were used in other supervision classes at (Bruce & Grimsley, 2007).

The Department of Curriculum and Supervision extended its’ program of study to health occupations students in 1980. Dr Gerald Firth was instrumental in the inclusion of these individuals in the department’s program of study. He explained how this expansion of the program was related to his past interest in the health occupation field and the need of many health occupation students in Georgia:

I thought at one time I wanted to be in health education. As a matter of fact my first trip to Georgia from the University of Alabama was to come here to the Medical College of Georgia in Augusta, not to this campus, I went there to serve as a consultant to the people in medical research and education (Firth, 2007).

Dr. Firth’s early interest in health occupations and his awareness of the needs in many medical schools prompted his efforts to offer a program of study to the students of several medical colleges in Georgia. The Department of Curriculum and Supervision, under the guidance of Dr. Firth began to develop a doctoral program of study for individuals in the health occupations in 1980. (Firth, 2006, 2007).

Dr. Firth assumed the role of Interim Dean of the College of Education at the University of Georgia in 1982. Dr. Firth assumed the position during a period of tight state school budgets and increased mandates from The Quality Basic Education Act. Dr. Firth remained in that position for 18 months and had to focus on reducing the budget while maintaining the quality of the programs of study offered by the College of Education. At the end of his tenure as Dean, Dr. Firth returned to the Department of Curriculum and Supervision just prior to his election as President of ASCD. The unique nature of the Department of Curriculum and Supervision among leadership programs in schools of education is credited by Dr. Firth for his election to that position.

The Department of Curriculum and Supervision was honored for it’s achievements in the field of instructional supervision at the annual conference of the Council of Professors of Instructional Supervision(C.O.P.I.S.) held at Harvard University on March 10, 1988. Members of the Department conducted a session where the history and the operations of the Department were discussed. Dr. Johnnye Cox was among the presenters. Within the next three years, in 1992, the Department of Curriculum and Supervision would be merged with the Department of Educational Administration to form the Department of Educational Leadership.

Dr Gerald Firth took a two year sabbatical from the University of Georgia in 1989 when he went to Egypt. During that time Dr. Leslie Bishop became the chair of the Department of Curriculum and Supervision. Dr. Firth went to Egypt on behalf of the United States Agency for International Development. He was appointed to oversee the transition of the Egyptian elementary and secondary school system from the British model to the American model.

Dr. Firth had intended to return quickly to the University, but as he explains circumstances changed and he remained in Egypt for the duration of the project. During his absence, Dr. Leslie Bishop would assume the position of Head of the Department of Curriculum and Supervision. Dr. Firth would return to the University of Georgia to a new department.

On June 4, 1992 Dr. Leslie Bishop sent out letters to all students enrolled in the Department of Curriculum and Supervision informing them that the Department of Curriculum and Supervision would be merging with the Department of Educational Administration on July 1, 1992 to form the new Department of Educational Leadership in the College of Education at The University of Georgia. The following year Dr. Ray Bruce retired and Dr. Firth returned to the University where he remained until his retirement in 2002.

References

Dyer, T.G. (1985). The University of Georgia: A Bicentennial history. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press.

Grimsley, E.E., Burnham, R.M., Cox, J.V., Hussey, J.B., Singletary Jr., H.T., & Woodard, A. L. (1974) Instructional supervision in Georgia. Athens, GA: Georgia Association of Curriculum and Instructional Supervision (GACIS).

Guerke, M.L. (1991). The importance of twelve dimensions of effective supervisory practice derived from educational literature as perceived by selected lead teachers and team leaders. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Georgia, Athens.

Hunt, M. E. (2008). Dissertation Draft Interviews of Dr. Ray Bruce, 2005, 2006, 2007; Dr. Gerald Firth, 2005, 2006, 2007; Dr. Edith Grimsley, 2005, 2006, 2007; Dr. Virginia Macagnoni 2005, 2006.  Athens, GA: University of Georgia.

Jerrolds, B.W. (1989).  The history of the college of education: The university of Georgia.
Athens, GA:  College of Education, University of Georgia.

Joiner, O.H., Bonner, J.C., Shearouse, H.S., & Smith, T.E. (Eds.) (1979). A history of public education in Georgia 1734 – 1976. State of Georgia: State Board of Education and Columbia, SC: R.L. Bryan Co.

Kahrs, J.R. (1991). School/university partnership program for developing educational leaders: Assessment and implications. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Georgia, Athens.

Sessoms, J.B., Tackwood, E.A., Davis, R.E., Dempsey, M.D., Knight, E.W., et al. (1975). Jeanes supervision in Georgia schools: A guiding light in education. Athens, GA:Georgia Association of Jeanes Supervisors and the Southern Education Foundation, Inc.

Williams, D.W. (1990). An ethnographic study of school – based instructional supervisors: Their role and functions. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Georgia, Athens.

Wooten. L. R. (1969, 1977, 2004). History of Department of Curriculum and

Supervision: Three Narratives.  Athens, GA:  The University of Georgia.